Breadwinner coverage estimate

• The estimate is the present value of included household expenses over the years you choose, plus debts to pay off and one-time costs, minus the present value of other household income, savings and existing coverage.
• Educational estimate only. Coteau doesn't sell, recommend or link to insurance or any other product. Taxes, benefits and survivor income aren't modeled. Talk to a licensed professional.
• Every number is hypothetical and depends entirely on what you enter. Small changes in assumptions can change results a lot.
• Returns are smooth and constant in the single-number projection; real returns vary every year, and real markets can do better or worse than anything shown.
• Inflation is a single constant rate you choose (except in historical replays, which use the actual CPI of each year).
• Growth compounds monthly (or at the contribution frequency) and contributions are made at the end of each period.
• No taxes unless you turn on the simplified tax drag (all positive growth taxed each year at your rate, which overstates tax for buy-and-hold). No fees unless you set one.
• Inputs stay in your browser. Saving uses this device's local storage; a share link contains the numbers you entered, so anyone with the link can see them.

S&P 500 return presets: Aswath Damodaran (NYU Stern), Historical Returns on Stocks, Bonds, Bills, Real Estate and Gold (histretSP.xls), annual S&P 500 total returns with dividends 1928-2025, compound (geometric) averages; inflation from the CPI-U (FRED CPIAUCNS) in the same file.

Coteau may be wrong. Check every number yourself, and talk to a licensed professional before acting on anything.